Principles of International Relations - Group Assignment Essay

Principles of International Relations - Group Assignment - Essay Example astrophic and irreversible environmental consequences such as decline in global food production, extreme precipitation and destruction of the natural ecosystem and biodiversity. The extreme summer heat waves could lead to adverse health impacts on human beings and increase the prevalence of vector-borne diseases (Luterbacher & Sprinz, 2001). The development of climate change was initially constrained to scientific conferences since scientists established that carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere were increasing in the 1960s. The Villach Conference of 1985 organized by United Nations Environmental Program concluded that states should initiate consideration on a global climate change convention thus creating an agenda for policy makers to address climate change (Paterson, 2013). Countries such as Germany and Canada were concerned with the increased depletion of stratospheric ozone layer, pollution of oceans and loss of biodiversity thus forcing scientists to carry out more research that led to discovery of Antarctic ozone hole (Luterbacher & Sprinz, 2001). The Northern American heat wave of 1988 summer boosted greenhouse warming agenda in Canada and the United States and thus led to the Toronto Conference of June 1988 that called for reduction of the global carbon dioxide emissions by 20 percent by the year 200 5 (Victor, 2011). Countries like Canada and Japan have committed to reducing greenhouse gases emission since global warming is an environmental disaster that has led to natural disasters in countries in the East Asia region (Paterson, 2013). The Toronto Conference marked the involvement of international actors such as non-governmental actors in environmental and states thus making global warming an international issue. The United Nations Assembly made climate change a common concern for mankind in 1988 while the Noordwijk Conference of 1989 in Netherlands concluded that industrialized nations should maintain their greenhouse gas emissions

Hammurabis Code Essay Example for Free

Hammurabis Code Essay I am going to discuss the source of Hammurabi’s Code from our book, Sources of World Societies. During this time, there were a lot of different social classes, and the rich were definitely favored more than the poor. The Code contemplates the whole population as falling into three classes, the amelu, the muskinu and the ardu. The amelu was a patrician, the man of family, whose birth, marriage and death were registered, of ancestral estates and full civil rights . In the book, Sources of World Societies, Hammurabi’s code was not the first known law code, but it is the earliest one to survive largely intact . The code deals with the family, commercial activities, and agricultural life. The laws stated in the book dealt with medical practices, explaining the phrase an â€Å"eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth,† the most common law, meaning that a person who has injured another person receives the same injury in compensation. The example used for that is Law 196, â€Å"If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out . Hammurabi’s Code was very to the point, meaning that there was most likely a law for everything possible in a wrongdoing. For example, Law 218 states, â€Å"If a physician performed a major operation on a freeman with a bronze lancet and has caused the freeman’s death, or he opened up the eye-socket of a freeman and has destroyed the freeman’s eye, they shall cut off his hand . † I understand that the physician did mess up a crucial surgery, but I do think it’s a little outrageous to cut off his whole hand! Perhaps it would be better if he just got punished for the mistake. I do think it’s unfair that if he messed up a slave’s surgery, he received shekels of silver. Law 217 states, â€Å"If it was a freeman’s slave, the owner of the slave shall give two shekels of silver to the physician . † How messed up is that? Slaves were killed for almost every minor offense. Hammurabi’s Code consisted of around 282 Laws. Hammurabi’s Code was established around 1780 B. C . Hammurabi was the ruler who chiefly established the greatness of Babylon, the worlds first metropolis . Hammurabi had many accomplishments other than the law code. He unified Mesopotamia under Babylonian rule, and established the supremacy of the Babylonian god Marduk . Hammurabi’s Code was arranged in orderly groups, so that all men might read and know what was required of them. The code was carved upon a black stone monument, eight feet high, and clearly intended to be reared in public view. This noted stone was found in the year 1901, in a city of the Persian mountains. It begins and ends with addresses to the gods . The Code clearly stated the rules of marriage, having children, and what they were able to do with their children. For example, if a married couple got a divorce, and the woman was a â€Å"bad wife,† the Code allowed him to send her away while he got to keep the children and her dowry, or he could degrade her to the position of a slave in his own house . Women seemed to be treated poorly during this time, and men seemed to always be in charge. For example, Law 110 states, â€Å"If a sister of a god open a tavern, or enter a tavern to drink, then shall this woman be burned to death . Honestly, this one kind of shocked me a bit. Women go to taverns all the time, and if it was this day and age, it would be considered a huge crime if a woman got put to death from going to a tavern. The most common penalty was a fine, but many resulted in death. For instance, Law 2 states, â€Å"If any one bring an accusation against a man, and the accused go to the river and leap into the river, if he sink in the river his accuser shall take possession of his house. But if the river prove that the accused is not guilty, and he escape unhurt, then he who had brought the accusation shall be put to death, while he who leaped into the river shall take possession of the house that had belonged to his accuser . † This law actually makes a lot of sense. If a man is wrongly accused, then the accuser should get punished. Why should the accuser go without getting a penalty, but he should just get a fine, and not be put to death. It does seem a little weird that their letting the river determine their fate. It seemed like they had a lot of beliefs in nature, and let nature decide their fate. I have read these Code laws over and over multiple times and a few of them has made me chuckle a bit. I just think to myself, what were these people thinking?! Law 25 says, â€Å"If fire break out in a house, and some one who comes to put it out cast his eye upon the property of the owner of the house, and take the property of the master of the house, he shall be thrown into that self-same fire . † This law confused me a bit, does it mean that if the person coming to put out the fire looks at the property of where the fire is at, he must be thrown into the fire? If so, that definitely doesn’t make any sense. Law 132 states, â€Å"If the finger is pointed at a mans wife about another man, but she is not caught sleeping with the other man, she shall jump into the river for her husband . † I understand that cheating a a very wrong thing to do, but if she was not caught why should she have to jump into the river? What is she going to learn about doing such a thing. Jumping in the river probably was a big penalty back then. In conclusion, after I looked and went over Hammurabi’s Code, I have learned quite a bit about how life was lived back then. Just thinking that all of our ancestors had to go through that, and how many lives were lost for doing certain crimes that we would consider minor offenses nowadays. If our ancestors lived in the world we lived in today, they would probably think it’s so easy, when we think it’s super hard. The laws were taken very seriously and hardly went unseen. We think these laws are very outrageous and uncalled for, when in reality, they probably weren’t that big of a deal back then. I chose this source because it seemed really interesting to get to know about how the law was made back in 1800 B. C. E. It is important to understand this period of history to see how laws were even made or thought of. Every law that we have is most likely a revised version of one of Hammurabi’s Code Laws. Hammurabi’s Code informed me that early World History is very different than what it is today. This is my first time ever hearing about Hammurabi’s Code, and even learning about 1800 B. C. E. I have really enjoyed learning more about this topic.

Gold Rush Paper :: essays research papers

One moment the California creek beds glimmered with gold; the next, the same creeks ran red with the blood of men and women defending their claims or ceding their bags of gold dust to bandits. The "West" was a ruthless territory during the nineteenth century. With more than enough gold dust to go around early in the Gold Rush, crime was rare, but as the stakes rose and the easily panned gold dwindled, robbery and murder became a part of life on the frontier. The "West" consisted of outlaws, gunfighters, lawmen, whores, and vigilantes. There are many stories on how the "West" begun and what persuaded people to come and explore the new frontier, but here, today, we are going to investigate those stories and seek to find what is fact or what is fiction. These stories will send you galloping through the tumultuous California territory of the mid-nineteenth century, where disputes were settled with six shooters and the lines of justice were in a continuous chaos. Where's the West How and where did the West begin? This is the question that is asked most often and there is never a straight -forward answer. Everyone has their own opinion on the subject: "Oh, it started sometime in the nineteenth century," or "The west is really just considered to be Oklahoma, Texas, and Kansas." Whatever happened to California actually being considered the "West?" With all honesty, even into the twentieth century, California is not thought of as being the "West," or the "West" in the manner in which Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas are thought of. Cowboys, horses, and cattle are only considered to be in the central states, but what about California? To give a straight- forward answer on where and how the "Real West" or even the "Wild West" began; it began by a millhouse worker named James Marshall. On the morning of January 24, 1848, Marshall was working on his mill and looked down in the water and saw a sparkling dust floating along the creek bed (Erdoes 116). Assuming it was gold, he told his fellow workers what he had found and they began searching for the mysterious metallic dust as well. Four days later Marshall rode down to Sutter's Fort, in what is now Sacramento, and showed John Sutter what he had found. They weighed and tested the metal and became convinced that it was indeed gold. John Sutter wanted to keep the discovery secret, but that was going to be impossible. The rumor flew and Sutter's mill workers, which were Mormon, caught wind of it and began searching for their own fortune. Shortly after they fled, they

Einhard and Charlemagnes Palace School: A Mechanism for Wealth, Prestige, Power and Success :: essays research papers fc

Einhard was a courtier in Charlemagne’s Frankish Kingdom. During Charlemagne’s rule/life (768-824), he dedicated a vast amount of time and energy into supporting the notions of classical learning. He went so far as to start a school comprised of many scholars within his palace. Their role was to educate the nobility, the priesthood and the people, as well as hold counsel with the king. This is where Einhard and Charlemagne first encountered each other. Einhard was a small but intelligent man who came to prominence in the PiousCharlemagne’s and Charlemagne’s son’s kingdom. It is often asked how such a small man came to be the heart of the kingdom, and how the court school and the opportunities it provided influenced his success. During the late 8th and early 9th century, Charlemagne came to power. He expanded the kingdom and conceived many reforms during his reign. Charlemagne ruled the Frankish Kingdom from 768-814. He was one of Pepin the thirds two sons. Charlemagne’s brother, Carolman died in 771, and Charlemagne became the sole ruler of the Franks. Almost as soon as Charlemagne assumed the throne he commenced a series of campaigns. From 772-804 Charlemagne was at war with Saxony, from 773-774 Charlemagne was also at war with the Lombards in Italy. In 778, Charlemagne was invited into Northern Italy to extend Christian influence. In 787 Charlemagne invaded and seized Bavaria. Finally, from 788-797, Charlemagne launched a campaign against the tribal horsemen, the Avars. In 789, Charlemagne issued â€Å"The General Admonition†, the concept of the document was that moral reform requires education. At this time, Charlemagne created the palace school at his court, scholars were brought to this school to reform the Frankish priests and people. Various other reforms took place during this time, such as the new form of writing, Caroli ngian Minuscule, and the writing down of law codes. On December 25, 800, Charlemagne was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo the third in the St. Peter’s cathedral in Rome. Charlemagne died in 814, and was succeeded by his only remaining son, Louis the Pious. Louis the Pious reigned as Holy Roman Emperor from 814-840. When he assumed the throne he quickly replaced administers within the palace. Louis the Pious had three sons; Lothar, Charles the Bald, and Louis the German. Near the beginning of his reign, Louis already faced conflict. In 818, Louis quashed a rebellion orchestrated by his cousin, Count Bernard of Aquitaine . Einhard and Charlemagnes Palace School: A Mechanism for Wealth, Prestige, Power and Success :: essays research papers fc Einhard was a courtier in Charlemagne’s Frankish Kingdom. During Charlemagne’s rule/life (768-824), he dedicated a vast amount of time and energy into supporting the notions of classical learning. He went so far as to start a school comprised of many scholars within his palace. Their role was to educate the nobility, the priesthood and the people, as well as hold counsel with the king. This is where Einhard and Charlemagne first encountered each other. Einhard was a small but intelligent man who came to prominence in the PiousCharlemagne’s and Charlemagne’s son’s kingdom. It is often asked how such a small man came to be the heart of the kingdom, and how the court school and the opportunities it provided influenced his success. During the late 8th and early 9th century, Charlemagne came to power. He expanded the kingdom and conceived many reforms during his reign. Charlemagne ruled the Frankish Kingdom from 768-814. He was one of Pepin the thirds two sons. Charlemagne’s brother, Carolman died in 771, and Charlemagne became the sole ruler of the Franks. Almost as soon as Charlemagne assumed the throne he commenced a series of campaigns. From 772-804 Charlemagne was at war with Saxony, from 773-774 Charlemagne was also at war with the Lombards in Italy. In 778, Charlemagne was invited into Northern Italy to extend Christian influence. In 787 Charlemagne invaded and seized Bavaria. Finally, from 788-797, Charlemagne launched a campaign against the tribal horsemen, the Avars. In 789, Charlemagne issued â€Å"The General Admonition†, the concept of the document was that moral reform requires education. At this time, Charlemagne created the palace school at his court, scholars were brought to this school to reform the Frankish priests and people. Various other reforms took place during this time, such as the new form of writing, Caroli ngian Minuscule, and the writing down of law codes. On December 25, 800, Charlemagne was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo the third in the St. Peter’s cathedral in Rome. Charlemagne died in 814, and was succeeded by his only remaining son, Louis the Pious. Louis the Pious reigned as Holy Roman Emperor from 814-840. When he assumed the throne he quickly replaced administers within the palace. Louis the Pious had three sons; Lothar, Charles the Bald, and Louis the German. Near the beginning of his reign, Louis already faced conflict. In 818, Louis quashed a rebellion orchestrated by his cousin, Count Bernard of Aquitaine .

How to Train Your Pet

Have you ever wondered how the animals you see on TV and in movies are trained to perform such amazing tricks? Many of their trainers use a technique based on the teaching methods developed by behavioral psychologists such as BF Skinner. Skinner studied techniques for reinforcing desired behavior in animals. Animals can be taught many sophisticated tricks using Skinner’s technique. If you want your pet to do a trick, you must understand the technique psychologists call â€Å"shaping.† Shaping means reinforcing, or strengthening behaviors that you want to encourage. Begin by making some decisions. First of all, you need to choose your subject. You can pick any household pet, such as a cat, a dog, a hamster, or a bird. Suppose, for example, that you want to teach your dog a trick. The next thing to do is to choose a reward. Food is usually the easiest reward to use. Keep in mind that in order for food to be an effective reward, your dog has to be hungry. Don’t try to teach him a new trick right after he has eaten a big meal. Also, a reward is most effective when it is given at the same time that the dog performs the desired trick. Since you will not be always able to give the dog food as quickly as you would like to, you will need to develop a â€Å"conditional reinforcer.† You can do this by connecting the food to something else, such as a ringing bell. In this case, the sound of the bell makes is the conditioned reinforcer. You are now ready to begin conditioning the dog to respond to the bell. Get out about 40 small dog biscuits. Toss a few of them to your dog, one at a time, at a rate of about one or two biscuits per minute. As soon as the dog starts eating the biscuits, ring the bell and then throw him another biscuit. Wait about 30 seconds and then repeat the steps. When you ring the bell, do not make any other sounds or movements. Give the food only when the dog is standing in the place where he got the food. When your dog reaches the point where he goes to the food place whenever you ring the bell, you are ready to begin teaching him the trick. At this point, you need to choose the trick you want to teach. An easy trick is teaching your dog to roll over. Shape the dog’s behavior by reinforcing anything that resembles the behavior you are trying to teach. Begin by reinforcing any attempt to lie down. Then reinforce any movement of his body when he is lying down. Every time you reinforce any of his behaviors that resembles rolling over, immediately give him a biscuit and ring the bell. In this way, he will begin to associate the sound of the bell with the trick. Continue reinforcing closer approximations of rolling over with the biscuits and the bell. During the teaching session, do not touch the dog, talk to him, or in any way distract him. A normal dog, according to Skinner, will learn the trick within 5 minutes. As you can see, it is really not difficult to train your pet to do a trick. It is only a matter of little time and some effort. Once you have established a conditioned reinforce, you can easily teach your dog a new trick by shaping his behavior. However, if you want to teach your dog another trick, you must eliminate the first behavior by no longer reinforcing it. Eventually, he will stop rolling over and will be ready to learn something new.

Ethical and moral issues in business

Ethical and moral issues in business Ethics and morals may seem similar to many, but basically they are different. Morals are more related to an individual’s character and behavior. On the other hand, ethics describes ways in different societies and other social set ups practically use these personal values. Alternatively, ethics can be defined as expectations by a certain group or by the society from its members.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical and moral issues in business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Different persons have different morals as well as ethics depending on the environment in which they live. In a business set up, issues related to ethics are based on an individual’s good conduct or misconduct in relation to the workplace expectations (McHenry, 2003, p. 1). All employers require their employees to be morally upright; failure to which they have the right to expel them from work. Business ethics are, therefore, bas ed on norms that should be exercised in a group of individuals while moral values are based on human behavior more important in determining what is wrong and what is right. Business managers are usually very strict with ethical issues. They often find suitable solutions to any unethical related problems to avoid failures in business institutions. Most businesses today are failing as a result of unsuitable solutions to problems concerning ethics. Many managers find it difficult to handle ethical problems because of the relationship they may be having with their employees where they are dependent on certain employees to the point of being unable to act appropriately to workplace misconduct (Gallagher, 2010, p.1). Similarly, an individual with good moral values interacts well with other groups and the community at large. In the same way, people who lack good character traits find it difficult to conduct themselves well in a group of people. In other words, morality influences the ethic s of an individual. Different people have different views and beliefs on ethics that a person should have. Because of this reason, many business corporations set up codes of conduct that the employers are supposed to follow and practice (McHenry, 2003, p. 1).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These codes consist of both business ethics that are generally expected in a workplace and specific personal moral values which would lead to good behavior by the employees. Good moral values are necessary in business management and leaders. However, the application of these values in businesses and personal lives has never been practiced equally. This occurs when even the morally upright persons in the society ignore the expected ethics in their places of work with the notion that it will not hurt anyone. Many people, therefore, do not mix their personal lives with business mat ters. Business ethics and personal moral values may even clash at times where the expectations of the employer are too much and not favoring an individual’s morality (Gallagher, 2010, p.1). The desire to obtain quick money by most businessmen causes them to have unseasonable demands to their employees which may be stressful to the point of consuming the employees’ time that they are supposed to spend with their families and children. All employers should consider the moral values of their employees when making the codes of conduct in their work place to suit everybody’s needs. In cases of profession, an individual’s moral values may differ with the work ethical issues. For instance, a defense lawyer, just like any other person, will consider murder a wrong doing from his personal morals. Law ethics, however, require that all accused individuals be defended in court no matter how guilty the lawyer may think the accused is. Moral and ethical values of an in dividual are very important both in the society and in any kind of business. Employees should adhere to the codes of conduct that are expected of them by their employers. Personal moral values should as well be practiced in businesses and in the society. Good ethical values are deep rooted from an individual’s upbringing. People with good morals, therefore, find it easy to follow ethical codes in business corporations as well as in the society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical and moral issues in business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Gallagher, C. (2010). Business ethics and fraud prevention. Retrieved from https://chuckgallagher.wordpress.com/category/business-and-personal-ethics/ McHenry, P. (2003). What is business ethics? Retrieved from https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-business-ethics.htm

Deep Vein Thrombosis Essay Example

Deep Vein Thrombosis Essay Example Deep Vein Thrombosis Essay Deep Vein Thrombosis Essay Essay Topic: Deep I am here to talk to you about deep vein thrombosis and about its causes and effects it can have on a person. You all have probably heard about this disease, but most likely have never encountered it. It is generally common to older people around 40 years plus and to people who have not had proper exercise. It is disease of the circulatory system causing a blood clot to form in one of the deep veins in the body, especially in the calf or thigh. This is where blood moves most slowly, and when a deep vein thrombosis occurs the blood goes so slow that it forms a solid wedge-like clot in the vein. Most of the time after the clot has happened pains can be felt where the clot has formed. Also the skin temperature can be raised around the clot and sudden swelling can be seen. Occasionally, some of the surface veins may be more visible than usual. If the clot has formed in the leg then flexing the foot may also cause pain. DVT can be quite easily detected. Scientists have found a way of using ultrasound technology to detect even the tiniest of clots. Another way is to give blood tests which would show the state of a by product of clotting material called D-dimer. If the doctor suspects a DVT, they usually would arrange an ultrasound test. You may think DVTs are life-threatening and easily cause deaths, but they are not. However, the complications can be fatal. The most common and most fatal complication is pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism has a one in three chance of happening. This causes a piece of clot to break away and become lodged inside the lungs causing severe breathing difficulties. This is generally untreated and one in ten people with this die. Rarities include a piece being lodged in other parts of the body, including the brain. This could lead to a stroke. A less serious complication that affects most people after DVT is post-thrombotic syndrome which causes ulceration, swelling and pain at the skin around the vein valves where the DVT has occurred. Around seventy percent of DVT victims need to be cared for in a hospital during the initial stages as the doctors aim to dissolve the clot and stop further clots from forming. The most common type of treatment is to thin the blood, using the drug heparin, to make the blood flow easily. Patients are then given warfarin for several months to stop a haemorrhage from forming. Painkillers are also given as is heat to the area. There are many reasons why DVTs occur. The medical reasons that make them more likely to occur include a family history of the disease, cancer, obesity, and varicose veins. Paralysis or immobility also causes DVT. After a broken leg or major surgery DVTs are common because patients are unable to move discouraging blood flow. Nowadays patients are told to do exercise right from the beginning. Women who are taking the pill are four times more likely to have a DVT than those who are not as are women on hormone replacement therapy. Pregnant women or those who have just given birth are also more likely to experience then. However, the most common cause of a DVT to occur has only been discovered recently. A French study has shown that people who travel for long hours on a car, train or plane, are four times more likely to have a DVT than anyone else. There is an increased risk to air travellers as the inactivity and dehydration, make the blood sticky. Special compression stockings and foot cushions have been invented to reduce the risks of DVT in legs. Taking drug-thinning tablets, i. e. aspirin, before a long flight and waling around in the cabin can make it easy for the blood to climb up the veins, therefore reducing the risk of a DVT. Keeping mobile is vital especially after an operation. DVT has also been part of the media coverage over the past few years. Many newspapers and television news stations have reported on scientists findings and how DVT is a cause for concern. The government pledged over one million pounds into research of DVT and its link with air travel. After this many families of victims called on the many MPs to give better warning about DVT, this lead to TV campaigns and more awareness on planes. Airlines were told to make their planes a lot less cramped as they were also a major factor resulting in a DVT. However, airlines were later being sued for corporate manslaughter after many passengers continued to die due to Deep Vein Thrombosis. Ana article in the Daily Mail on the 22nd of October showed that fifteen families had asked police chiefs nationwide to investigate the deaths and then charge the airline bosses. Earlier in August the RAC foundation had warned drivers are at a risk as well as passengers on long drives. They warned that even younger drivers were at risk from a blood clot as well as older drivers. The foundation proved that it is not only airplanes that cause DVT, but that it is confined spaces and inactivity that causes them as well. The AA also backed this up by giving evidence of a taxi driver who died following long periods of time in his taxi. An inquest had found that he had suffered a DVT and it had moved up into his lungs before killing him. His widow believed the job was most definitely to blame. Many airlines have been forced to give compensation to families of victims and victims themselves. On the 18th of October this year a women won i 13000 from Virgin Atlantic because she suffered a DVT and many other injuries after she was crushed by a 23 stone American women on a flight. She complained to the air crew on board but there were no seats, therefore she had to suffer. Another court case this autumn will secure payments from airlines for half a million pounds for people who have died from DVT.

Irish Immigrants in 19th Century Canada essays

Irish Immigrants in 19th Century Canada essays Of all the ethnic groups to migrate to British North America, the Irish are perhaps the most neglected and ignored in Atlantic Canadian history, the reasons for which are varied and complex.[1] The Scottish settlers are widely acknowledge, after all Nova Scotia means New Scotland, and the French identity is strong from when the area was united under the title of Acadia.[2] The English have a long Maritimes history basing most of the colonial war with the French, and the Aboriginal Canadians existed in the area at least one thousand years before any of the others.[3] However, since European colonization began, the Irish have always been present, with the largest concentration in Saint John, New Brunswick, a primary immigration port in the New World, and a city with stronger connections to Ireland than Boston, Massachusetts.[4] In fact Saint John was the destination for more than thirty thousand Irish fleeing the Potato Famine in Ireland between 1845 and 1854, with roughly sixteen thousand of them arriving during 1847, called Black 47 due to the fact that it was the worst year of the famine.[5] Moreover, a large number of Irish moved to Miramichi to work in the lumber camps.[6] Miramichi and the rest of northern New Brunswick was Roman Catholic, while the southwestern areas, except for Saint John which was mainly Catholic, were predominantly Irish Protestant.[7] The Irish made up more than one third of the entire population and were the single largest ethnic group, more numerous than the French, at one time in New Brunswick, in fact one of the original names proposed for the province was "New Ireland."[8] Although, the Irish population has dwindled through the years due to inter-marriages, even today most New Brunswickers can trace their ancestry back to Ireland.[9] Most of the Irish in Nova Scotia lived in Halifax, however, large numbers of Irish could be fou...

Social Entrepreneurism Module RQ1 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Entrepreneurism Module RQ1 - Coursework Example Success means they must have the backing of willing donors. In light of this, it is crucial for any leader in social enterprises to have certain characteristics. This paper will examine some of the characteristics, and how they may assist them to stay at the top of the business chain. One vital character trait that a leader in the social enterprise must have is optimism. In the face of adversity, it is only right to have a leader who is optimistic of the outcome of certain scenarios, no matter how difficult the tasks or challenges may be. The hope that they will come out on top may work as encouragement to all those under that leader. It is true what social entrepreneurs believe about society that not everyone benefits from its success. It is their place in society to change this for the betterment of everyone. Their diverse views on how business ventures should relate to the environment is different from what for-profit enterprises believe. This makes them more versatile and diverse (Elkington & Hartigan, 2008). Another character trait is their futuristic nature. Social entrepreneurs always strive to find a lasting solution, beyond short term answers. This makes them decisive and dependent as individuals working under them find it easier to approach their leader with problems that require immediate attention. Last but not least, they are confident. They are not afraid to take chances in this highly competitive market, even if they have little resources. Social entrepreneurs have a small number of donors, which does not work to their advantage. This is unlike their competitors who rely on funding from philanthropic and charitable organizations to fund their businesses (Dees, Emerson & Economy, 2002). It may be risky for them but, they have to do this for the sake of society. In conclusion, leadership traits can be learnt from the existing business conditions. Some have the ability to grow, evolve, and change with changes in the

Stem Cell Rubric Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stem Cell Rubric - Research Paper Example However, there are certain advantages in using embryonic stem cells (ESC) that the others still cannot provide. Unlike ESC that are known to come from pre-implanted embryos, the source of ASC is still to be discovered. By some reason still unknown to researchers, ESC proliferate and remain undifferentiated for a year longer than ASC do. In addition, ESC have the potential to differentiate into all cell types of the body, while ASC can only differentiate into the cell types of its tissue of origin. Also, it is much easier to increase the number of ESC than that of ASC (National Institutes of Health, 2009). For example, if it is hematopoietic ASC, then it can only be induced to form blood cells. However, despite the seemingly more advantageous ESC, ASC are believed to induce less graft transplantation reaction, as it can be derived from the patients themselves (National Institutes of Health, 2009). Benefits of Stem Cell Research Arguably, the most important benefit of stem cell researc h is the use of these cells in stem cell transplantation therapy. In fact, for 40 years already, hematopoietic or blood-forming ASC from bone marrow have been used in transplants to cure health conditions such as leukemia (National Institutes of Health, 2009). ... It is important to develop therapies for these illnesses, especially cancer and cardiovascular diseases, as these occupy the top of the list of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aside from that, further stem cell research (SCR) paves the way for more discoveries, such as the regulating factors behind stem cell proliferation and self-renewal. These factors, in the future, may be used in the regeneration of destroyed tissues, such as that in myocardial infarction, one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. In addition, these pluripotent cells can provide a better observation of human development from embryo to infancy. This then may lead to researches on the abnormal cellular development, as seen in physical birth defects, genetic abnormalities and cancer. Large amount of cells grown in vivo from stem cells may also be used in easier and safer testing of drug safety and effectiveness (Johnson and Williams, 2006). Disadvantages of Stem Cell Research Whic h Lives to Save Despite the many scientific advancements contributed by stem cell research, many still argue against it. One argument reasons that the fertilized eggs used in SCR are already alive, and thus it is not right to take someone else’s life, no matter for what purpose. Partly causing such conflict stems from the fact that until now, there is no specific age of gestation at which life has been pinpointed to start at. The Health Risk of Stem Cell Therapy Another argument against SCR claims that the chemical and biological factors used to manipulate the cells in vivo can cause adverse effects once the resulting specialized cells from them are transplanted to humans for therapy. For example, viruses from the

Value and Ethical Position Related to the Case Coursework

Value and Ethical Position Related to the Case - Coursework Example The term, ‘Ethical Dilemma’ refers to a position where a person faces difficulties for conflict between principles and responsibilities. A person is likely to face problem in terms of taking decisions regarding the concerned situation. From the provided case, it has been evaluated that the ACME medical center has faced damages owing to a hurricane. To rescue the local people, a helicopter was sent, which got crashed and exploded in a building leading to fire. The building was the location of a pediatric unit. Margaret, who is the Registered Nurse (RN) of the ACME medical center with five people made their way towards the roof and waited for rescue. In this context, Margaret faces a conflict situation of choosing over her duty and values for the safety of the people trapped in the building. Margaret moves downstairs and helps the people, as she is a nurse and cannot let the people die. The other people, who were with Margaret, stopped her from going downstairs and not to risk her life. Despite this, Margaret comes out from the conflicting situation and goes downstairs to help the needy people (Lo, 2013).

Principles of Marketing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Principles of Marketing - Term Paper Example Products that are marketed under private brands such as Wall-Mart and Carrefour Group are sold at a lower cost compared to other products of similar value. Low price without compromising quality is the main factor that motivates con summers of goods under private label. Customers who seek the classification of products in one family brand are motivated to buy such products are motivated by availability of quality products under the brand. Customers who buy Del Monte fruit juice are likely to buy fruit products under the same brand. 2) According to Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, take products from the industries mentioned below and identify a minimum of two products for each level of the hierarchy. Then answer the follow-up questions. A product would be categorized in the esteem category rather than the social-belonging category due to its role in determining people’s attitude. In addition, the degree or quality of products in this class depends on social values. It is difficult to identify actual brand for the class of self-actualization products. This is because the value of products in this class depends on personal effort and abilities. For instance studying in the best college does not make a person to be excellent in problem solving. I would stand in a shopping mall and observe the visual reaction of customers concerning the new brand. I will also observe people’s behavior when consuming the product for example do they like to consume the Snapple drink while they are traveling or when seated down in a restraint with friends. I will introduce the drink to a selected population such as a school and analyze the students purchasing behavior for a period of one month. The introduction will involve giving free sample to the students and requesting them to be buying the product. In the survey, I will observe people purchasing behavior such

The analysis of Young goodman Brown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The analysis of Young goodman Brown - Essay Example For instance, he introduces Young Goodman Brown, whose name is allegorical in several manners. In addition, this is the title that he gives this narration, which is also a significant part in this narration. There are three allegories in this protagonist’s name that have individual meanings. First, there is the name Young, which seems to suggest the innocence of his character. However, this innocence is later corrupted by several factors that surround this protagonist. The second name is Goodman and is equally significant in an allegorical manner. Careful analysis of this narration reveals that there are few righteous deeds in this narration hence some irony (Neary 445). Consequently, the wife of the protagonist has an allegorical name: Faith. This name suggests hope for several significant things in the narration. In addition, the protagonist needs faith in order to survive the journey he takes through the forest. Consequently, Faith acts as a guardian to the protagonist throughout the narration. Further, Faith is his wife hence presenting a physical guide in the material world, which they live in. In particular, she pleads with the protagonist not to take the evil journey, which would later compromise his spirituality (Hoffman 98). The forest represents all the evil in the narration by Hawthorne because of its components. For instance, it has such tings as trees and wild animals that are synonymous of evil. According to Xian-chun(56) the forest is similar to the mind of the protagonist who struggles to fight evil. In addition, his mind has similar uncertainties to the ones, which people experience in any forest. Traditionally, forests are dark because of the overlapping of trees and other plantations. Similarly, Brown’s mind is dark since it has. Evidently, this forest is ruled by the devil like Brown’s mind, which compromises his spiritual actions

Principles of Marketing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Principles of Marketing - Term Paper Example Products that are marketed under private brands such as Wall-Mart and Carrefour Group are sold at a lower cost compared to other products of similar value. Low price without compromising quality is the main factor that motivates con summers of goods under private label. Customers who seek the classification of products in one family brand are motivated to buy such products are motivated by availability of quality products under the brand. Customers who buy Del Monte fruit juice are likely to buy fruit products under the same brand. 2) According to Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, take products from the industries mentioned below and identify a minimum of two products for each level of the hierarchy. Then answer the follow-up questions. A product would be categorized in the esteem category rather than the social-belonging category due to its role in determining people’s attitude. In addition, the degree or quality of products in this class depends on social values. It is difficult to identify actual brand for the class of self-actualization products. This is because the value of products in this class depends on personal effort and abilities. For instance studying in the best college does not make a person to be excellent in problem solving. I would stand in a shopping mall and observe the visual reaction of customers concerning the new brand. I will also observe people’s behavior when consuming the product for example do they like to consume the Snapple drink while they are traveling or when seated down in a restraint with friends. I will introduce the drink to a selected population such as a school and analyze the students purchasing behavior for a period of one month. The introduction will involve giving free sample to the students and requesting them to be buying the product. In the survey, I will observe people purchasing behavior such

The Life of a Maasai Moran Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Life of a Maasai Moran - Research Paper Example The Maasai are a humble group of people who practice nomadism and derive their livelihoods from the animals they keep and hunting and gathering. Among the Maasai, the birth of a male child is a symbol of power. A man is only considered a true man when he sires a male child. The more the males sired the more power and authority and respect one earns from the members of the community (Lekuton 37). There are men who have been made chief of the community because having the highest number of male children. Such a man’s opinion in affairs of the community is taken very seriously and any one who disobeys his command is punished severely. The Maasai believe that it’s the God’s will to have male children and the more the male children the more God is happy with them and is blessing them (Barber 6). The male children are important because they protect the community and it’s wealth from all forms of threat ranging from other neighboring communities to wild animals. T he birth of a male child in the community is received as great news and calls for ceremonies that have been performed for many years handed over from one generation to the next. The ceremonies begin very early in the morning with the village elders meeting together and deciding on the name to be given to the child. The name is given based on the time of the year and events of axiological significance to the community happening as at that time of the year. The child could be born at a time when the community is preparing to go for war or during the rainy season, or dry season or many other significant periods. The name is settled on by the village elders on consensus and will be announced to the rest of the community at a time deemed appropriate by the village elders. This is followed by songs of praise to the father of the child as the community assembles at the assembly point. On such a day, all activities of the community are stopped and ceremonies take center stage. The women wil l all be congratulating the woman who gave birth at this point as others give and seek advice. Those women who give birth to girls and have no boys are advised by the mother of child on how to get a boy and those who have had many boys give advice to the fellow mothers on how to get more and more boys. It is to be noted that at this time the maiden girls are required to be present and will be responsible for all the singing and all the cooking and preparations for the ceremony. According to Saitoti and Galaty (87) a Maasai man is not allowed to perform any domestic chore. His duty is to take care of the community’s safety against all incoming threats. At exactly eight in the morning the Maasai Moran kill a bull chosen by the village elders and drain the blood. The father of the child pours some to the ground and takes a sip. This is done under close supervision by the eldest member of the community. It is believed that the ancestor are still living together with the community and oversee the overall well being of the community by blessing them with rain and good cattle herds. The blood has to be poured first to the ground so that the ancestors can have the first sip. They come first in each and every activity of the community. Forgetting to pour a sip to the ground before taking the blood is a grave mistake and is accorded a whole repentance ceremony. Once the father of the child has poured some to the ground and then taken a sip, the rest of the elders take each a sip of the blood

“Harlem” by Hughes Essay Example for Free

â€Å"Harlem† by Hughes Essay Nowadays Langston Hughes is considered to be one of the well-known and most influential African-American poets in the twentieth century. His poetry was published from the Harlem Renaissance when the African-American artists along with their works had been flourishing in Harlem till the beginning of Black Movements as well as Civil Rights. Hughes’ brief poem â€Å"Harlem† introduces eternal themes seen throughout his volume â€Å"Montage of Dream Deferred† as well as throughout his life and career as a poet. The poem â€Å"Harlem† emphasizes the living conditions of people with limited dreams which are put off and lost in Harlem in post-war period. Therefore the poet touched the deepest and most painful themes of those times. Actually the main theme of the poem is to present that postponing person’s dreams and desires will inevitably result in deconstruction. (Hughes 1996) The questions of the poem are addressed to social consequences of many deferred dreams and they are hinting at racial strife as well as at resentment erupted with the Black movements and Civil Rights during 1950-1960s. Throughout the poem the author sketches many decayed and wasted images and represents in such a way that the dream is lost and fated. It is seen in the poem that many potential consequences are influencing only single dreamers. The ending of the poem persuades that despair can â€Å"explode† if being epidemic and will result in political and social damage. (Hughes 1996) It is apparent that the poem is full of extraordinary and interesting literary devices. For example, the author uses many rhetorical questions simply because he wants these questions to be answered themselves. First stanza is characterized by a rhetoric question using also a simile â€Å"like a raisin in the sun†, â€Å"sags like a heavy load†, â€Å"like rotten meat†, â€Å"like a sore†, â€Å"like a syrupy sweet†, etc, that will be discussed below. The last stanza is characterized by using a question along with metaphor â€Å"does it explode? †. The metaphor is the symbol of drastic difference between unsuccessful reaching a desired dream and making dream come true. (Hughes 1996) The poem has its own irregular rhyme: meat-sweet, load-explode, sun-run. The author uses irregular meter – he stresses different syllables in every line varying their length in each line. Such rhyme makes and impression of sense of nervous energy and increase frustration. The rhyme is formed on musical forms such as â€Å"jazz, ragtime, swing, blues, boogie-woogie, and bebop† as the author was really fond of them. The poem is characterized by sudden nuances and conflicting changes. (Hughes 1996) Hughes in his poem uses a series of similes in order to depict and describe in more vivid way what is happening to a dream when it is put off. There are five similes in the poem: 1. The first simile is in the third line: â€Å"dry up like a raisin in the sun†. This simile suggests that the human’s dream has been already forgotten. (Hughes 1996) 2. The second simile is in the fourth line: â€Å"fester like a sore†. The simile outlines that dream eats a person and aggravates him as it is not obtained. 3. The third simile is in the sixth line: â€Å"stink like rotten meat†. This simile suggests that it is a dream that makes a person crazy and mad, because he realizes he is unable to make his dream come true. (Hughes 1996) 4. The fourth simile is in the eighth line: â€Å"sugar over like a syrupy sweet†. This simile point out that the dream is seen in the horizon and a person can taste it as it is close to him. 5. The fifth simile is in the tenth line: â€Å"sags like a heavy load†. The simile questions if dream is a burden for dreamer. (Hughes 1996) In conclusion it is necessary to notice that I prefer drama and therefore was strongly influenced by â€Å"Harlem† as it makes realistic portrays of real people who underwent negative treatment because of racist attitudes and stereotypes. I agree with the author that those stereotypes have to be countered as all people are equal in the world. (Hughes 1996) References Hughes, Langston. (1996, June 25). A Dream Deferred. Retrieved September, 28, from http://www.cswnet.com/~menamc/langston. htm

Compare the Effectiveness of Different Leadership Styles

Compare the Effectiveness of Different Leadership Styles Leadership is an important topic that will always attract attention due to its importance in shaping the fortunes of organizations around the world. Leadership is defined as the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done and how to do it, and the process of facilitating individual and collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives (Yukl, 2010:26). This suggests that for effective leadership to take place there must be communication and understanding between the leader and his followers. The definition suggests that leadership is a two-way process that influences both individual and organizational performance (Mullins, 2010:373). Due to the complex and different nature of organizations, different frameworks and leadership theories have been developed to analyze approaches to leadership in the organizational setting. There are three main styles of leadership, which are the democratic style where the focus of power lies more with the group and not solely with the leader, the authoritarian style where the focus of power lies solely with the leader/manager and the laissez-faire style where the leader observes group member are working on their own (Mullins, 2010:381). The need for these three leadership styles may differ according to the situation. In dealing with an organization in crisis an authoritative style of leadership may be preferable. According to the contingency theories, there is no one particular leadership style for every situation. In the modern industrial organizations where innovation is key and employee involvement in organizational activities is important, the democratic style of leadership can be most effective. In this style of leadership the employees have a greater say in decision-making process and policy determination (Mullins, 2010:381). An evidence of this is the automobile industry; Nissan CEO Carlos Ghosn was able to achieve results by focusing on sharing ideas with employees and getting feedback through communication. From the leadership and managerial framework there are various leadership and management approaches (Mullins, 2010:376). These approaches include the qualities traits approach, functional approach, situational approach, transactional, transformational approach or inspirational approach. These different approaches can be applied to different organizations because each organization has its own individual character, culture and identity (Mullins, 2010:78). The transactional leadership approach can be effective in organizations where operations are carried out according structured rules and principles. This leadership approach would fit as it is based on authority within bureaucratic structures of organizations (Mullins, 2010:391). This leadership approach to organization like banks or government bodies where the focus is mainly task oriented. References Centre of Management Research (2003) The Turnaround Specialist [online] available from [20th March, 2011] Laurie J. Mullins (2010). Management and Organisational Behaviour 9th edn. England: Pearson Education Limited. Yukl, G (2010). Leadership in Organisations, 7th edn. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson-Prentice Hall Blog 2 Current leadership research and how it can help overcome resistance to change The leadership challenge model of Jimmy kouzes and Barry Posner can be used to address some of the issues of change in todays business environment. Kouzes and Posners leadership challenge model presents five practices of exemplary leadership; Model the way, inspire a shared vision, challenge the process, enable others to act and encourage the heart. Model the way: In modeling the way leaders clarify the values that will guide, find their own voice to clearly articulate their values and set their own personal standard of excellence as an example for others to follow. Inspire a shared vision: leaders should dream of exciting possibilities by envisioning a bright future and fostering this same vision for all his followers. Challenge the process: leaders should look for innovative ways to improve or grow their organization by defying the status quo. Enable others to act: leaders should encourage collaboration and build teams based on trust. By doing that they make it possible for their employees to work better. Encourage the heart: leaders should recognize and honor the contribution of every follower/employee. This model can be used in used in handling situations where resistance to change occurs in organizations. An example of this where a manager exhibited some aspects of this five models was the TI automotive case study in unit 6. Tim Kuppler was tasked with improving the corporate culture and bottom line of the HVAC unit of TIs North American business. Kuppler found out the employees were unclear about their mission and ready to embrace change. Kuppler demonstrated the inspiring a shared vision aspect of the Kouzes and Posner model through unfreezing of the situation and a communicating with employee to have an understanding of the situation to make handles of the situation properly and propose a vision moving forward. Kuppler challenged the process through bringing innovative ways to implement change. He introduced involvement meetings and created business teams, which were not part of the companies practice before. This also demonstrate enabling others to act as it fostered collaboration and made it possible for the employees to good work. Kuppler finally refreezes the situation leaving the employees with an empowered corporate culture. References Kouzes, J. Posner, B. Z., (2008) The Leadership Challenge, 4th Edition, Jossey-Bass Moodle (2010) M005LON-Leading in a Changing World-1011JAN [online] available from [ 22nd March,2011] Blog 3 Key tensions in leadership The business environment is constantly changing; forces like globalization, increasing business competition and innovation are changing the landscape of the business world. These factors provide challenges and tensions that leaders/managers are expected to identify and handle through effective leadership and management. Globalization presents challenges for leadership; organizations now employ people from different cultural backgrounds with different values and beliefs. People perception of authority could vary according to their cultural background and experiences (Mullins, 2010:401). The level of power distance people accept varies and can be linked to their nationality, people from countries like china accept a high power distance while people from most European countries don not a high power distance. Leaders/ managers with a workforce comprising of people from these countries have be aware of that. The situational leadership approach can apply here where the leader bases his/style and behaviour according the situational forces. Tannenbaum and Schmidt suggested three main forces: Forces in the manager, forces in the subordinate and forces in the environment (Mullins, 2010:383). Leading virtual teams is also another challenge for leaders/managers where communication is through electronic sources (Mullins, 2010:834). The lack of face-to-face contact with members, geographical separation, time difference and cultural difference of team members makes leading virtual teams a challenging task. Leaders of theses teams require different range of skills. Position power has little or no effect in these leading virtual teams. Golemans leadership styles will style will work effectively which are the visionary, coaching, affiliative, democratic, pace-setter and commanding. According to Goleman effective leaders rely on more than one leadership style (Goleman cited in Mullins, 2010:399). The leader of virtual teams with a combination of the styles will be effective. The leader can use the democratic style to foster interaction between through encouraging employee involvement, use the visionary style to create a long-term vision for the group and use the affiliative style to create harmony in the work group. In dealing with crisis management in organizations, where urgent action is needed to address the problem, an authoritarian leadership style might be preferable. According to Brennen an authoritarian style of leadership is suitable in situations of crisis or emergency where immediate action needs to be taken (Educational Administration and Supervision, nd). Goleman also stated that authoritative style might be over bearing at times, it can be effective (Goleman cited in Mullins, 2010:399). In order to effectively bring organizational change, it is important for a leader to understand factors that cause resistance to change in the individuals or the organization. This was seen in the TI automotive case study mentioned in my second blog. Tim Kuppler was able to implement the strategic change needed in the company after Identifying cause of resistance to change in the employees. The employees were hesitant to embrace the change process because other Managers tried to implement change but didnt succeed. References Moodle (2010) M005LON-Leading in a Changing World-1011 JAN [online] available from [ 22nd March,2011] Laurie J. Mullins (2010). Management and Organisational Behaviour 9th edn. England: Pearson Education Limited. Educational Administration and supervision (nd) Leadership styles [online] available from http://www.soencouragement.org/leadership-styles.htm [25th March 2011] Blog 4 Ethical issues of leadership and how leadership behavior and ethics impacts behavior and perception of followers Due to the influence powerful leaders can have on the fate of a company and lives of their followers there is a growing interest in the ethical aspects of leadership (Yulk, 2010:329). Declining public trust in business and public leaders is also fueling interest in the ethical aspects of leadership (Kouzes and Posner, 1993 cited in Yulk, 2010:329). Interest in ethical leadership is growing as leaders now face issues of corporate social responsibility (CSR). A leaders behavior toward corporate social responsibility can be a shareholder view. Leaders with this view influence their followers in order to maximize profits with in the boundaries of environmental law (Sternburg 1994). Leaders behavior has an impact on the behavior of his followers, Leaders can influence followers into crimes of obedience by making unethical practices appear to be legitimate (Beu Buckley, 2004; Hinrichs, 2007 cited in Yulk, 2010:329). Accordng to Yukl, ethical behavior of leaders can be determined by either situational influences or individual determinants. Situational influences factors like organizational culture or formal reward system can support ethical or unethical behavior by leaders. An example of this is the case of Enron, their reward system called the rank and yank prompted top executives and managers to engage in unethical practices to gain rewards or maintain employment. This behavior manifested down to their employees. My leadership goal and aspiration after completing my MBA program is to work in the oil and gas industry in Nigeria and become a leading player in the industry. To achieve this goal I have to improve my leadership capabilities and the MBA program is a platform for me to work on it. I received encouraging feedback for my peers though they were areas I need to work on to improve a leader. The feedback highlighted my leaderships as high emotional intelligence, self-confidence, good interpersonal skills and ability to adapt. These qualities will come in handy in the demanding oil industry. To improve as a leader I would have to adopt different leadership styles, as stated by Goleman that the most effective leaders rely on more than one style (Mullins, 2010:399). By having different styles I will be able to adapt to different situations and use the style that fits the situation best.

Intimate Partner Violence: Psychoanalytic Theory Application Essay

This paper will discuss a thirty-two year old pregnant woman named Regina, who was brought into the emergency room with many superficial injuries. She is accompanied by her five year-old son. Later in the conversation, Regina discloses that she is a victim in intimate partner violence. Violence is a very common occurrence in partner relationships. According to McHugh and Frieze (2006), it is estimated that more than a quarter of relationships involve at least one violent incident. Partner violence can include anything from a heated argument or yelling, to physical attacks or threats such as hitting, slapping, or pushing (McHugh & Frieze, 2006). Often, the women in relationships are the victims of the abuse, posing the simple question, â€Å"why doesn’t she just leave.† For most women, it is near impossible to remove themselves from the relationship because of psychological factors. She may be worried that her partner will abuse her worse should he ever find her. She may fear the guilt that she could experience for leaving the relationship, or she may be concerned about money situations, had he been the sole provider (McHugh & Frieze, 2006). There are many reasons why a woman may feel ‘stuck’ in an abusive relationship, which is why support groups and therapeutic communication are important. The purpose of this paper is to create a therapeutic conversation with Regina and her son, in order to build an appropriate intervention for intimate partner violence using the psychoanalytical theory. Literature Review Therapeutic communication is an important skill for a nurse to utilize when it comes to relationships between the patient and nurse. In Regina’s case, integration of empathetic and compassionate communication skills in combinat... ... of intimate partner violence: implications for nursing care. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America, 24(1), 27-38. Klostermann, K., & Kelley, M. (2009). Alcoholism and intimate partner violence: effects on children’s psychosocial adjustment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 183(12), 3156-3168. doi: 10.3390/ijerph6123156 Lemmey, D., McFarlane, J., Willson, P., Malecha, A. (2001). Intimate partner violence: mother’s perspectives of effects on their children. The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 26(2), 98-103. McHugh, M. C., & Frieze, I. H. (2006). Intimate partner violence. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1087, 121–141. doi: 10.1196/annals.1385.011 Psychoanalysis (2013). The psychoanalytic tradition. American Psychoanalytic Association. Retrieved from http://www.apsa.org/About_Psychoanalysis.aspx

Progress and the Total Destruction of the Earth :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

Progress and the Total Destruction of the Earth Throughout all of history, humans have been evolving not only genetically, but also culturally. Of the two evolutionary processes, cultural evolution happens more quickly, and has had a more noticeable effect on the environment compared to genetic evolution. Early hunter/gatherer societies evolved to agrarian society, which then had technological changes that affected the culture of the society. Unfortunately, while humans have been culturally evolving towards what is perceived to be progress, the environment has been compromised, marginalized, and degraded as it is continually exploited for human benefit and consumption. The culture of hunter/gatherer society was the least damaging to the environment in the long term before humans developed agriculture. There are several reasons for this. First, human population was much smaller in comparison to what it became during the agrarian age. Second, hunter/gatherer societies tended to be largely nomadic, which allowed the environment time to recover and regenerate whatever natural resources were used. Third, humans simply did not have the technologies to further exploit the environment. Human population was much smaller during the time of hunter/gatherer societies due to high rates of infant morality, infectious diseases, and social morality - infanticide, geronticide, and warfare (Southwick 128). Fewer people mean fewer demands on the environment. With growth in human population, the grasses and animal populations humans used for sustenance did not have time to recover, which turned into humans using the earth's natural resources in an unsustainable manner (class discussion 02.14.03). Humans living in agrarian society do not necessarily use the environment's resources in an unsustainable manner, but the greater the population density, the more land will be needed to support that population in a sustainable manner. As resources become more and more scarce, field owners will be less willing to let land lay fallow (class discussion 02.21.03). Humans then found a "tech fix" with the development of agriculture and the domestication of animals. Cipolla calls it the first great economic revolution (Cipolla 18). The development of agriculture lead to the development of communities, city-states, civilizations, and other settlements. The social structure that formed around agriculture brought about the possibility of specialization within a society, since not everyone had to hunt and gather all the time. Instead of living in an ecologically sustainable manner like the hunter/gatherers, people started living in an economic manner (Southwick 128 ). Specialization enabled the development of social institutions such as religion and government, and agriculture necessitated the development of irrigation.

An Overview Of Collaboration Procurement Construction Essay

Procurement is a term which describes the activities undertaken by a client or employer who is demanding to convey about the building or renovation of a edifice. Procurement has great influence on the clip, cost and quality. The made-to-order nature of many building undertakings increases the built-in hazards. These hazards include finishing a undertaking which does non run into demands, which is delivered late or costs more than the client can pay or fund. All these hazards can impact the client ‘s nucleus concern, earnestly. The procurance scheme developed balance hazards against undertaking aims at an early phase of building. This method of procurance involves the contractor being responsible for design every bit good as building, it can be suited for all clients, including inexperient clients and those necessitating distance from the undertaking and cost certainty and faster path. It is of import at the beginning to guarantee that the field of treatment is clearly defined. One of the jobs that have beset this peculiar country of building research is a deficiency of clear definition. ( rowlison, steve ) As procurance the undertaking squad will be selected. After the undertaking squad has been selected the undertaking can come on through developing initial design work to fixing drawings and paperss to exemplify the undertaking, accomplishing be aftering consent, specifying criterions to be met and apportioning duties. During this period the client ( or undertaking patron or undertaking director ) should guarantee land purchase is completed on clip, if necessary guarantee the design procedure is consistent with the strategic brief, guarantee an internal decision-making system is in topographic point to avoid design holds. Keep the wider client organisation informed set up. An appropriate support model to guarantee payments can be made on clip. Construction stage will come on under the direction of the undertaking director or the undertaking squad. ( online ) Collaborative procurance is non popular but this method is increasing in the worldwide. Collaborative procurance is seen as horizontal coaction between different local governments during one or more stairss in the procurance procedure. In this method contact is made with different little companies with the regard of their forte. Through this procedure many companies take complete equipment and make their ain undertaking. Different advantages can be gained by collaborative procurance in footings of effectivity and efficiency. In this signifier the rate of success depend on the manner of organisation which is used. The collaborative procurance proposals are the manner to utilize the professional purchasing organisation by puting up a different companies in one panel and it drive to greater coordination, consistence and transparence. ( Online ) Partnership may hold somewhat different contents and range so coaction, but the lowest common is that the parties will work as a group jointly in any regard and that the parties must hold assurance in each other. The term collaborative contract, a definition of a collaborative contract is to be controlled by client and contractor and it is besides modulate the regular interaction between the client and a contractor. It besides makes the regular contact with contractor and adviser of different undertakings. Therefore the Collaboration procurance is really of import for multi undertakings. This client will salvage the clip and cost. Quality will besides better by doing contract with all specializers in their ain Fieldss.Method statementIntroductionNahar al-wafa Est. has the expertness and resources to transport out this developing undertaking and welcoming the chance of fall ining the professional squad during pre-tender phase. From our probe program of this undertaking will done on fast path method in the order to supply our clients with the complete contract at earliest possible day of the month together with high quality.Method statementSite constitution:Investigating the site is an of import undertaking ; a study will be done to transport out indispensable pre stamp work. Before the taking the duty of work all the job of bing site must be notified to client ‘s representative. During the probe of site, contact will be made with statutory governments to place the local existing s ervices.Site Adjustment:Contact should be made to allow section sing the possible posing for adjustment. On the site after the completion of slab floor the full adjustment will be installed as followers: Client ‘s demand will stipulate on measure page Nahar AL-wafa Est Accommodation Provision for: undertaking executive building undertaking director, Site Agents, Engineers, Surveyors, General Forman and disposal. Welfare Facilities Canteen, Draying Room, Toilets and First assistance. Extra demand for chief sub contractor ‘s supervising offices and security office will setup on the demand.Site entreeDuring the infrastructure work there is opportunity of hurt. So chief entree should from north gate and south gate should utilize for issue. For lading and droping trim country is available in the site.Materials DistributionIn the order to run into the agenda and maximal coverage of site 2 Cranes will be suggested. It is besides suggested to put in the Cranes in early phase so it can be used in sub-structure work. Crain should be topographic point on rain force concrete construction. After doing the floor, riders and goods hoists should be distribute in all floors before taking the Cranes.Infrastructure works:Basement building would make with pilling. It is assumed that pile testing will be carried out to chief contract work with pilling plan. Extra clip for pilling trial will non be granted it is expected that successful pilling contractor would utilize at least three rigs. We have assumed that pre tiring pilling will non be indispensable and the advancement of pilling contractor will non enforce any consequence on other work. For velocity and efficiency, the retaining wall signifiers would be fabricated off site. Concrete universe should transport out with Cranes in the order to salvage clip and money. ( Construction Methods And Planning )Ace construction:In the order to fast method a carefull survey of model systems is carried out in the relation to rapid advancement. The selected methods showed that it is verified to acquire best consequence in less clip. Aluma system will be used on the land slab which is portion of our strategy. This system can be installed rapidly. It will besides do the building visible radiation weight. For upper slabs we have planned for the usage of winging signifiers. Round signifier work to columns would be manufactured off site in glass reinforced plastic or steel to supply the quality coating required. Distribution of concrete support and signifier work for the frame would be by crane concrete. In the order for rapid building it is suggested to utilize nomadic concrete pumps. It will salvage the clip and cost every bit good.External envelopeDue to the wellness and safety ground impermanent fencings barrier must be installed as a frame of building. It is really of import to procure the site. Curtain palisading type and industry is non being specified. Full research is non possible for the design and industry. It is designed harmonizing to the tendency of market. ( Construction Methods And Planning )Site organisation construction:Organization of this site will be provided by the Nahr Al wafa est company. This company has the directors and technology. In assorted instances they been trained by the company and have established their place on varied undertakings over long periods.Training and employment of local peopleIt is really of import that local people should use after some prepar ation. The divisional policy is to advance the formal preparation of employees at all degree. Most of these sort of preparations carried out in the houses with to the full equipped developing school. Engagement in external preparation strategies is supported and encouraged the immature people. For senior degree, the preparation is given about direction development.Health and safety:Division has the duties to do guarantee that the employs are working under safe system. The full safeguards measure has been taken and all the staff will non consequence by any operations. ( Construction Methods And Planning )

Representing Dreams and Hopes: Cinderella and the Disney Fantasy

The abstract sums up your paper’s purpose and content in 120 words or less. It includes important information such as the thesis and main ideas. Abbreviations and unique terms should also be defined. It should be in your own words and as brief as possible. >> Representing Dreams and Hopes: Cinderella and the Disney Fantasy Animation is a succession of images, sounds, and emotions in which Walt Disney has presented his miracle ideas by a number of animated cartoons and artworks for over 75 years.Apart from being products of science and technology, Disney’s animated features also have an entertainment value, which promise elements of hope, joy, and sorrow. In the video,Once Upon a Dream the Making of Sleeping Beauty, Walt Disney says: It is always a challenge for bringing a great story classic to the screen and giving visual form to the characters and the places that only existed in the imagination. But it is the kind of challenge that we enjoy. Disney’s programs t ake their audiences out of the world of reality to give a peek into the most fantastic world of fantasy, touching and encouraging audiences at the same time.In animated film history, the most popular example being Cinderella created in 1950. Since the early 19th century, its songs and narrative are a legend of the history of animation.. Cinderella (1950) is an incredible, classical masterpiece of animation history, a tribute to the Disney tradition of the animation production. It has successfully influenced cartoon culture and audiences over the years. Cinderella (1950) is an incredible, amazing, famous and classical American animated feature produced by Walt Disney and his studio. Since Mickey, Donald Duck, and Snow White Disney studios have dominated the American animation industry.Post World War II, this studio was in great financial difficulty. John Culhance, an author and film historian, mentions debts of USD $4 million after the WWII period. Ohmer, in That Rags to Riches Stuff : Disney’s Cinderella and the Cultural Space of Animation, presents that during the story conferences of Cinderella in May 1947, Walter Lantz, president of the Cartoon Producers Association, announced that animated film production would be cut more than 45% during the following year. Disney faced a number of obstacles, both external and internal and ranging from economic to sociological.Under these circumstances, producing a full-length feature seemed difficult given the time required to produce an animation film, which is usually about three to four years. Although it took risks of producing Cinderella, Walt Disney was persistent in fighting for his dream. It motivated him to make a full-length and full-colored animation movie despite his studio being in financial difficulty. In Cinderella, with a running time of 72 minutes, Disney used USD $2. 9 million for creating an attractive and dramatic content. Cinderella is based on the fairy tale â€Å"Cendrillon† by Charles Perrault.Right from her sparkling ball gown and glass slippers to the Fairy Godmother, the mice, and Cinderella herself are etched in people’s minds. Apart from Perrault’s version, Disney added some extra details to the screen version. For example, when the two ugly sisters damage Cinderella’s ball gown, she looks kinder and lovelier. It successfully brings out the individual trait of each character. This 1950 classic fairytale helped Disney and his team save the entire cartoon business and helped create a legend. The film was a huge success at the box office, which allowed Disney to carry on the animation empire.Cinderella has re-released at least six times in different generations. From the format of VHS video to the latest platinum DVD edition, it helps Walt Disney earn huge success and also make millions and millions of profits. Although there were limitations while producing Cinderella (1950), Disney used two critical strategies to save money and control t he cost of production. These strategies defined the work process for creating animation feature films. To begin with, they hired outside consultants to conduct the market research. The research of product manufacturing was established through advertising and production conference.Disney also used a previews section to understand audiences’ reactions. This helped to focus on audiences’ likes and dislikes. They wanted to make sure that everyone would love to see Cinderella. Joel Siegel, a film critic, also praised Cinderella stating that the story presented the faith of â€Å"American Dreams† and â€Å"Hollywood Dreams†. To illustrate, Cinderella imagines herself as the girl, who is chosen by the Prince and dresses up beautifully. People were attracted to this story, primarily because it transformed people’s dreams onto the screen.Disney and his team transformed the dream into motion picture on the screen. This is also the major reason why this story is still fresh in the audiences’ minds and still very popular amongst generations for 60 years now. The second strategy that Walt and his animators used was a live action model for reference to shorten the development processes of Cinderella. Helene Stanley was the action model used, while Ilene Woods was the voice artiste. Both contributed greatly in creating this motion feature film. The live action models helped Disney transform the magical moments of the scene into meticulous details.The animators paid careful attention to human movements; so that they could make the characters alive on screen. Before the final artworks were made, live action footage was used to create the plots, time the sequences of action, track both facial and physical movements of the characters, and test their cohesiveness. Actors and actress wore full consumes with makeup, in which they acted out of the screen on stage with background setting. Cinderella provided a link between Disney’s pre sent and its past, and shaped the legacy of animation production.After using live actors for motion reference to produce Snow White and the Seven Dwarf (1937) and the hugely successful Cinderella (1950); Disney truly thought that using live action model reference could allow the animators’ ability to improve the picture to be more realistic. They could take photos frame by frame such that some key poses could be pulled out directly as a basis for drawing the flipbooks. Shooting the film in live action also minimized the changes in the drawings and helped speed up production. The production of Cinderella thus proved how important and valuable it was to use live action models for reference.Since then, 90% of the hand drawn animations were created based on live action models. This production strategy is still being used for more recent animation films, such as The Little Mermaid (1989) and Hercules (1997). The Little Mermaid (Platinum Edition) The Making: Live Action Reference ( Clip), shows that Broadway actress Jodi Benson was chosen to play the voice of Ariel; while Sheri Lynn Stoner, a former member of Los Angeles’ Groundings improvisation comedy group, was chosen to be the live action reference model of Ariel.Glen Keane, the co-supervising animator of Ariel, indicated that he understood the importance of studying frame by frame of footage in drawings. Since the animators wanted to balance the coherence of the sound and motion, live action models did help create detailed and realistic drawings. The Making of Hercules, 1997 video showcases Disney’s traditional production strategy, even though modern animation uses a combination of technology and art works. The production of Hercules (1997) combines traditional animation techniques with the latest computer-generated imagery CGI to add graphics and 3D effects into the film.Roger Gould, the CGI supervisor, mentioned that the computer could only help in creating more than what they could do bef ore. However, all the preparation and production processes still remain very traditional. Once the story structure is completed and presented using a storyboard, voice artistes record voices of the characters by adding other details to the animation. Nik Ranieri indicated that he wanted the voices and the animations to be combined nicely; therefore, the voice artistes’ performances were very important to create detail body movements and facial expressions of the character.Andreas Deja, the supervising animator of Hercules, combined Tate Donovan’s energy and naive quality into the characteristics of Hercules. Besides, different voice actors also acted out with body movements and facial expressions. For example, Danny DeVito (the voice artiste of the Philoctetes), changes his facial expressions while talking in different tones. The animator videotaped Vito’s recording process and used these expressions while animating Philoctetes. James Woods (the voice artiste of Hades), used his body movement and sneer as the basis for Hades’ gestures.These elements are very powerful and increase the ability of storytelling. By comparing the production processes of Cinderella (1950), The Little Mermaid (1989), and Hercules (1997) Disney and his team strived to animate magical moments into realistic motion pictures. They created many unforgettable scenes, such as Cinderella imagining herself as the girl chosen by the Prince and dressing up beautifully; the Little Mermaid becoming human to look for her true love and dreams; and Hercules sacrificing himself to save his lover and finally becoming a real hero.There is no doubt the huge success of Cinderella (1950) created a defined the production legacy by building up a traditional system for creating animation feature films. Disney and his studio not only aim on creating entertainment, but also present the meaningful thesis of â€Å"Dreams can come true if you have the courage to pursuit them. † By comparing the latest princess story of Cinderella (1950) and The Princess and The Frog (2009), we can certainly pinpoint that Cinderella influences the cartoon culture of Disney stories.Typically, Disney stories present royal romance including love, faith, and dreams. Moreover, they highlight the importance of the Fairy Godmother, the narrative power of the songs, and animal helpers. Cinderella (1950) is really a successful story, which can attract everyone in different generation, because all people have the imagination and dreams. Most girls can identify with the Cinderella story and would like to be pretty like her and be chosen by their Prince who will help them put on the glass slippers.Many boys also want to find their true love just like the Prince found Cinderella. The lyrics of â€Å"A Dream is A Wish Your Heart Makes,† encourages people in different generations. â€Å"No matter how you heart is grieving, if you keep on believing, the dream that you wish will com e true. † Cinderella is transformation by Fairy Godmother with the beautiful ball gown, is one of the scenes liked by Disney the most. Thus, Cinderella not only explores the audiences’ imagination, but also makes everyone’s dreams come live on the screen.

Criminal Behavior and Policing in America Essay

Criminal Behavior and Policing in America - Essay Example The definition of criminal behavior also changes with place. In some countries of the world, drugs such as marijuana are outlawed, and possession or use brings serious consequences. In other countries, the drug is sold and used openly. In the United States, California, Alaska, Colorado, Hawaii, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington state all allow the use of medical marijuana, although it is explicitly prohibited by federal law. Recently, a San Francisco Circuit Court of Appeals judge ruled that states can make their own medical marijuana laws, as long as the commerce does not involve any other state.  While ideas about the definition of criminal behavior in a time and place influence policing, political values and social conditions also shape our ideas about policing. Ebbe (2000) suggests that each country forms its ideas about policing based on custom and tradition, historical experience, and international events. America is customarily focused on traditions of individual freedom â€⠀œ but we surrender much of that freedom to policing agencies when serious domestic or international events pose a danger to our collective good. In fact, we are willing to surrender our – and our fellows’ – rights to amazing capacities. In American history, we can look to the Alien and Sedition Acts, the Schenck decision, the interment of Americans of Japanese ancestry during World War II, the House Un-American Activities Committee, and the Patriot Act. The notion that it is acceptable to surrender more authority. to policing agencies is well-chronicled and accepted in our nation’s history. Our history also shows periods of real isolationist sentiment that is

Lecture summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Lecture summary - Essay Example A complete shutdown of such activity is not recommended but there sure is space to carry out such activities in line with conservation of the forests and ecosystems. Luckily, small sized forests that are not considered for major cultivation, hence, are conserved. A way to address this issue is to cultivate coffee on shade-grown farms. There are many added advantages for such cultivation. Firstly, it delivers a long list of forest products. These products include fruits. Medicines and lumber apart from coffee. Shade grown coffee farms not only address social and economic need, but also meet a large list of ecological essentials. Forest covers are maintained with the use of shade grown coffee and it minimizes erosion when compared to other coffee cultivating methods and agricultural systems. The leading examples being pasture for cattle grazing and sun coffee. Agro forestry provides a natural habitat to many birds. It is believed that birds not only reduce pest but also enhances its quality by bringing the damage to a minimum level. The retention of nutrients and the chemistry of the soil also has a great impact of the quality of coffee produced. Around 5- 10% of the retail price of coffee goes to the farmers while the most coffee growing areas are 50 developing nations of the world. The corporate sector sector controls most of the coffee cultivation and around two fifth of the coffee market is controlled by big corporates giants such as Nestle, Sara Lee, Kraft and P & G. Theses corporate giants are also responsible for controlling more than three quarters of the US coffee market. Farmers in areas like Gautemala are paid extremely low for picking coffee berries. On a average $2.50 is paid for picking 100 pounds of coffee berries. Hence, fair trade policies are essential and should be

Management in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management in Nursing - Essay Example Sundry Issues on Nurse Managers’ Leadership / Management Styles: Reflective Essay There has been a distinction cited between leadership and management. In particular, it has been noted that leadership is just one of the numerous desirable facets that a manager ought to have. The eventual goal of a manager is to optimize the productivity of the firm through effective administration. To carry this out, the manager must effectively carry out the functions of organizing, planning, staffing, directing, and controlling. Thus, leadership is said to only be a single aspect of the directing role. Moreover, Predpall (1994) suggests that senior management must manifest profound involvement and be a role model; such involvement by senior management cannot be delegated. There are several noteworthy issues which I have had the opportunity to reflect on during the course of my clinical placement. My insights were analyzed in light of the different leadership styles, and the strategies employed by each nurse manager who exhibited the style. The first leadership style, that of the autocrat, leads through the use of unilaterism to achieve one objective. This style, on the whole, requires that the leader exert constant pressure and directing from the leader to accomplish results. In addition, a prevalent outcome is submissive resistance from subordinates.

Personal consumption journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal consumption journal - Assignment Example I also use much carbon footprint and if I choose energy efficient appliances, walk, use bikes or take public transit where possible, use greener electricity that is electricity generated by wind/solar for a smaller rate surcharge it will reduce (Bishop, p 12). If I can obtain most of my food from local farmers markets, gardens, cooperatives and other local and fresh sources for all my food since they haven’t travelled long distances to reach me and therefore no loss of energy in transportation , choose food with less packaging to reduce waste, eat food chains going meat less for just a week and make a difference in consumer estimation since it contributes much to emission of green gas hence global warming it would reduce much my food footprint to a level lower than 9.57gha as compared to the country’s average which is 9.58 gha . My goods and services footprint is also higher than the country’s average and this is because I frequently replace belongings even if they are in good conditions, this can be reduced by replacing only when there’s need to, also I should select items labeled as recycled, natural/organic when buying new clothes and paper products and this would reduce the amount much, recycle my aluminum, glass and plastic, compost food waste for the garden. I think my foot print is too much as compared to an individual living in a less developed part of the world since am more exposed to factors leading to this .This changes the way I view my way of living and am so willing to change by adopting sustainable practices that reduce my footprint while building our economy. This I will also do by encouraging my friends and my community and to do the same. In one week I threw used one used newspaper paper, two glass soda bottles, one aluminum can, three plastic bottles, two plastic tins, three plastic bags, food scraps, leaves, animal manure and five old clothes. Am surprised I threw so much that could be composted and recycled! Throwing

Relief o choking in victims one year of age and older Essay

Relief o choking in victims one year of age and older - Essay Example When there is plenty of nasal secretion in the airways of a child, breathing difficulties may arise during feeding and in the periods between meals, because some children are unable to open their mouths wide enough once their noses are bunged up. As a child in new born, inhalation difficulties are likely to arise, if there is a mechanical obstruction in the airways. Problems with both inhalation and exhalation can indicate cardiac dyspnea in children. Yet, the most common reasons for choking in children aged one year or older include breathing in a small object, a part of a toy, food or some other object that might block airways, i.e. throat and windpipe. It is also possible that children breathe in vomited material, while being asleep/unconscious. Generally, choking in children aged one year and older is caused by the obstruction of a child’s airways, which can be divided into two main kinds – mild and severe airway obstruction (Blair-Harmon). Naturally, handling different kinds of choking depends greatly on recognition of them and knowledge of symptoms. The signs indicating mild airway obstruction are the following: there is a good air exchange in a child’s airways; the child is responsive and coughs forcefully; the child might wheeze between coughs (Blair-Harmon). This type of obstruction is easy to get rid of as there is a good air exchange and apnea is virtually impossible. Thus, it is important to encourage breathing efforts and coughing in children until the foreign object is removed. Moreover, one mustn’t interfere with the attempts to remove the foreign object or perform first aid, yet it is necessary to stay with the child and monitor the situation – the need to call 911 may arise, if mild airway obstruction still persists. Another – and more serious type of mechanical obstruction is severe airway obstruction that is crucial to be recognized promptly. In this case, there is no

Water Report on Jakarta Essay Example for Free

Water Report on Jakarta Essay I am writing to you regarding water supplies for the residents in Jakarta. There are shortages of clean water around the area and residents have to walk miles away to get water for their businesses and family. However the local people want something closer so they don’t have to travel that extra mile. There are two options in which we can help there people in Jakarta: Option one is having a Global water company. (Global Water Company is when you have a contract and you pay for the amount of water you use. ) Option two is having water co-operative. (Water co-operative is when the members are the owners and they have the have a voice in the control of the organization, and the majority of the rules.) Having visited Jakarta I outline the benefits and drawbacks for residents and businesses. A mother, Andina Hamid has to travel miles for clean water for food, bathing, cleaning and so on. An ice-cream seller, Ali Firhand needs water for his businesses for making the ice-cream and also needs water for his family. One time Ali was unable to get hold of clean water and so he had no chose but to make his ice-cream with to water otherwise he would loose his businesses, however the next day all his costumers had complaints about stomach problems due to unclean water. Wisnu Wijaya is a food and drinks seller and she also needs clean water for her food and for hygiene. She needs clean water to make her food and drinks. However if she doesn’t have clean water so she would loose her costumers and loose her business. Finally a business man, Reynard Hanoppo who runs a furniture shop, has more than enough water. He has running taps at home and he has a swimming pool and was never short of water. The advantages and drawbacks for option one, the Global Water Company for the people above are: Andina Hamid who is mother would benefit from the Global Water Company because it would provide Andina and her family with fresh clean water and would improve health and hygiene conditions. However she would suffer when her contract with the company expires and she wouldn’t have anything to turn on to. Ali Firhand, an ice-cream seller would gain from the Global Water Company because it can work with local residents to improve health conditions and would provide him with clean water. However the same goes for him when the water company’s contract expires there may be problems to face with keeping the water system going. Wisnu Wijaya, a food and drinks seller would benefit from the company because she would only pay for the amount of water she uses and it would be safe as she knows it is clean. However it is a disadvantage as well because private water companies could take on the costs of laying the pipes and connecting to the homes to it main pipes and this may increase the cost. Reynard Hanoppo, a business man would benefit from the Global water company because the more water he uses the cheaper I would be, so piped water would be particularly good news for people who have a lot of water. However the same goes for him when the water company’s contract expires. The advantages and drawbacks for option two, the Water Co-operative for the residents in Jakarta are: Andina Hamid who is mother would benefit from the Water Co-operative because it would the people in Jakarta may get along better if they work together as part of a co-operative. However the commercial taps would be more expressive because you would have to dig massive holes in the ground for the pipes to carry the water to the homes. Ali Firhand, an ice-cream seller would gain from the Water Co-operative because it would be easier to look after and it would be good for the future. Though Ali may have to boil the water to kill the germs and bacteria so he could use the water for his ice-cream. Wisnu Wijaya, a food and drinks seller would benefit from the Water Co-operative because it would last longer and it is stronger. She also knows she will never get let down by the Water Co-operative than she might do with the Global Water company if her contract expires with them. However she may have to pay more for the water if she wants taps and so on. Reynard Hanoppo, a business man would benefit from the Water Co-operative because there would be water there for him 24 hours a day, through some of his water may be unclean and could get ill from it.   Keeping the things above in mind my suggestion are on the Global Water Company would be beneficial in the interest of Jakarta people. As a weakness of water cooperation could be that the mass of members may lose interest in running the organization and let a small group take it over and manage it for their own benefit. Also with the Global Water Company you would have no worries as there would always be 100% of clean water unlike the co-operative. The only drawback being is the renewal of the contract, however there is always going to be a demand of water.